跆拳道双飞踢动作的运动力学分析

The Kinematic Analysis on the Double Kicks of Taekwondo

通过运用生物力学原理与方法,以中国跆拳道国家队4名主力队员为研究对象,对跆拳道连接速度最快的双飞踢技术进行运动学特征的研究,综合文献资料法和数理统计法,对部分数据进行分析。结果显示:准备阶段应采用灵活的步法来调整进攻姿势避免肌肉僵硬,以确保进攻动作的质量。起跳时加大上肢摆动速度以保证获得较大扭转力,左腿摆动幅度不易过大,右脚不能蹬转,左腿到达最高点后,带动右腿离地。左膝关节保持一定角度外展下压,落地后迅速支撑,依靠右髋内旋产生横向鞭打力,同侧手臂伸直下压于体侧,异侧手臂屈肘制动于胸前保持上体前压。攻击完成时,上肢前压加速髋部的伸展,右脚直接下落,缩短重心平移距离。在揭示各环节技术特点及运动学规律的同时,丰富和完善了跆拳道动作连接技术理论,为科学指导运动训练提供理论依据。

Based on the theory and method of biomechanics,the motion analysis chose 4 elite Chinese national male taekwondo athletes on the fasted technique of double kicks through kinematic study.Comprehended literature and statistics on part of the data analysis,the results showed that： The flexible steps can adjust the attacking posture,provide a good attacking motion quality,and prevent the ankylosis of muscle.During the taking off stage,accelerate the waving of arms can make sure getting more turning force;the left leg should swing in narrow range,no turning for the right leg,and the right leg leave from the ground as soon as the left leg reach to the highest.The left foot extend outside and press,uphold right after landing,gets the transverse whip force by the right hip joint internal rotation,the arm at the same side press down at the body side,the arm at the other side bends and shakes at the chest to make the upper body press forwards.After the attacking,the upper body press forwards to accelerate the stretching of the hip joint,the right foot lands directly to shorten the moving distance of the gravity centre.Which reveals the characteristics and law among each joints technique,improves and perfects the joint techniques theory of taekwondo and provides scientific theory for the instruction of sports training.