嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的临床研究现状

Clinical treatment of spinal cord injury with olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation

目的:对嗅鞘细胞生物学特性、培养纯化、嗅鞘细胞移植的可能机制及嗅鞘细胞移植在临床的应用等方面进行分析,介绍嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究现状。资料来源:以olfactory ensheathing cells,spinal cord injury,嗅鞘细胞,脊髓损伤为检索词检索PubMed数据库(2000/2009),中国期刊全文数据库(2000/2009)。资料选择:纳入标准:①文章所述内容应与嗅鞘细胞及脊髓损伤密切相关。②同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志上发表的文章。排除标准:①重复性研究。②Meta分析。结局评价指标:嗅鞘细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤的研究进展。结果:嗅鞘细胞具有与许旺细胞和星形胶质细胞相似的特征。目前嗅鞘细胞移植的动物实验主要致力于提高轴突再生能力、替代细胞成分、阻止脱髓鞘病变和促进髓鞘再生等方面,移植的嗅鞘细胞具有促进感觉及运动功能恢复的客观结果,有些移植研究甚至已经进入了临床试验阶段。不过嗅鞘细胞移植由动物实验转化到临床应用还受到很多因素的影响,诸如移植剂量、细胞生长因子的活力,细胞移植的风险等,尤其是嗅鞘细胞移植后的近期及远期效果还需要进一步深入研究、评价,并且需要长时间的随访。有研究已经把用基因转染的嗅鞘细胞用于移植,在动物试验身上已经取得了满意的效果。结论:随着基因工程技术发展以及嗅鞘细胞移植修复神经机制的深入研究,嗅鞘细胞移植必将为临床治疗脊髓损伤的患者带来康复的希望。

OBJECTIVE：To introduce the present research situation of treating spinal cord injury using olfactory ensheathing cells （OECs） transplantation from the aspects of biological characteristics,culture,purify of OECs and its application.DATA SOURCES：PubMed database and Chinese Journal Full-text Database were retrieved with Key words of ＂olfactory ensheathing cells,spinal cord injury＂ from 2000 to 2009.DATA SELECTION：Inclusion criteria：①The literature was closely associated with OECs and spinal cord injury.②Literatures about the same circle published in the near future or on the authoritative journals.Exclusion criteria：①Repetitive study.②Meta analysis.RESULTS：OECs has similar characteristics to Schwann cells and astrocytes.At present,the research about OECs includes axonal regeneration,cellular replacement,demyelinating prevention and so on.Furthermore,some clinical experiment had been carried on.However,some difficulties exist in clinical trials,such as transplantation dose of OECs,activity of cell factor and transplant risk.We need to do further study on OECs transplantation and more follow up after cells graft.Some research had tried to transplant with gene transfer cells,and satisfactory results were obtained.CONCLUSION：With the development of genetic engineering and research of OECs transplantation,OECs transplantation must bring more hope to patients with spinal cord injury.