西北太平洋柔鱼渔场变化与黑潮的关系

The variation of fishing ground of Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest Pacific concerning with Kuroshio current

柔鱼是北太平洋海域的重要经济头足类,黑潮的变化直接影响着柔鱼渔场形成及其空间分布。利用1998-2007年黑潮分布类型,结合同期8-10月我国鱿钓渔船生产数据,分析北太平洋柔鱼渔场变化与黑潮分布的关系。在25°～40°N、125°～150°E海域内,以空间分布率经纬度5°×5°为一个空间单元,共分A(140°～145°E、35°～40°N)、B(145°～150°E、35°～40°N)、C(135°～140°E、30°～35°N)、D(140°～145°E、30°～35°N)和E(145°～150°E、30°～35°N)5个区,将黑潮分布类型分为大弯曲型、小弯曲型和平直型3种。利用渔场重心的纬度向变化作为柔鱼渔场变动的指标。研究认为,A区黑潮分布特征对柔鱼渔场重心纬度影响最大,其次为B区和C区,而其它区影响则不明显。A区出现黑潮大弯曲型时,柔鱼渔场重心明显偏北且概率高;小弯曲型或平直型时,柔鱼渔场重心明显偏南。研究认为,黑潮流轴的走向影响着柔鱼渔场的空间分布。

Ommastrephes bartramii is one of the important economic cephalopod in the north Pacific,and Kuroshio current has a great impact on the forming of fishing ground for Ommastrephes bartramii.Based on the data of Kuroshio current and squid jigging of Chinese mainland fishng fleet during August to October from 1998 to 2007,the variation of the fishing ground mainly concerning with the distribution of the Kuroshio current is analyzed.In the area of 25°-40°N and 125°-150°E,five sub-areas were set up based on spatial resolution 5 degrees latitude and 5 degrees longitude,i.e,140°-145°E and 35°-40°N（area A）,145°-150°E and 35°-40°N（area B）,135°-140°E and 30°-35°N（area C）,140°-145°E and 30°-35°N（area D）,145°-150°E and 30°-35°N（area E）.Three types of Kuroshio distribution have been classified as big bending,small bending and straight patterns..The variation on gravity center of fishing ground in the latitude is recognized as an indicator reflecting the changes of fishing ground for O.bartramii.The results indicated that the distribution type of Kuroshio in the A area seriously affected fishing ground,the next is areas B and C,while the other areas have no significant relationship with fishing ground.While a big bending pattern occurs in the A area,the fishing ground will generally shift more northwards.While small gending or straight pattern of Kuroshio occurs in the A area,the fishing ground will generally shift towards south.This paper concluded that the bending pattern of Kuroshio affects the spatial distribution of fishing ground of O.bartramii.