当代西方新史学与“史料之革命”--兼论中国新史学史料体系的重构

The "Revolution in Historical Materials" in the West and Its Illumination on Chinese New Historiography

近代西方传统史学特别强调史料的作用与价值,但它所倚重的是档案文献资料。当代西方新史学的出现则引发了"史料之革命",扩展了历史资料的范围,建立起了一种多元的史料体系。传统史学所忽视的书面史料、考古资料、图像资料、口头资料等都被纳入到史料的范围内,从前为历史学家所不屑一顾的文学和艺术资料也成为了历史学家探求历史想象和历史现实之关系的重要资料之一。史学家以新的眼光对旧有资料进行重新审视和解读,历史资料在存储、传递、检索和分析、处理等方面发生了变化。当代西方新史学的"史料之革命"与史学观念的更新、新领域的开拓、跨学科研究等密切相关。

Traditional western historiography emphasized specially on the role and value of historical materials,and even established the principle that 'historical materials is history',but it mainly relied on the archival data. The contemporary western historians led to the 'revolution in historical materials',although they also emphasize the value of historical materials,they think that historical materials themselves cannot tell the truths,only when they are asked. The revolution greatly enlarged the ranges of historical materials,and found a new system of historical materials,hence the records and literatures,archaeological materials,imaginary materials,oral materials which were neglected by traditional historians,are all brought into the ranges of the system. The revolution also leads a great changes in the storage,transfer,search and arrange of historical materials. Therefore,the revolution exerted a great influence on history study,and also gives large illumination to Chinese new historiography.