梁启超的“新史学”是文化史

Liang Chi-chao's "New History" Is the Cultural History

梁启超"新史学"的主干是文化史。从20世纪初年的《中国史叙论》、《新史学》到20年代的《中国历史研究法》及《中国历史研究法补编》,其间有发展变化,也有矛盾冲突,但总体上是一个逻辑展开的过程。从文化史角度看,梁启超所构建的"新史学"理论体系,以文明史立根基,以普遍史致广大,以专门史为核心,以文化为历史的决定性力量。梁启超的文化史研究既体现了中国现代学术建设过程中由博到专、分工趋细的特点,又可看出文明史—广义文化史—狭义文化史—文化史观之间的逻辑关联。这一逻辑结构对理解和反省当下的中国文化史研究有一定的启示。

The cultural history is the mainstream of Liang Chi-chao's 'New History'. There were changes and conflicts from Introduction of Chinese History and New Historiography in the early period of the 20th century to Methodology in the Study of Chinese History and the Supplement in the 1920s,but it was a logic process on the whole. From the aspect of cultural history,'New History' theoretical system set up the foundation by the civilization history,extended to the majority by the universal history,took the specialized history as the core and made culture as the crucial power of history. This logical structure has rich enlightenment for the understanding and introspection of the present Chinese cultural history researches.