布氏田鼠洞群内社群结构变动与序位的研究

THE STRUCTURE AND ORDER IN COLONY OF BRANDTS VOLE

本文通过野外标志流放和实验室观察研究了洞群内布氏田鼠社群结构的变动及其序位作用。该鼠社群结构变动有明显的季节性。繁殖期为变动期，贮草期为稳定期。变动期在繁殖前期和繁殖盛期形成２个变动高峰。前者主要是成体（包括老体）雄鼠的迁移，后者迁移主体是亚成体鼠。贮草期间洞群成员相对稳定，迁移减少。社群序位表现为２～３个等级，即优势鼠、次优势鼠和从属鼠。优势鼠以老体雌鼠为多。繁殖期，５０％以上的从属鼠在陌生鼠群中提高了序位，３０％优势鼠可在陌生鼠中保持高序位。非繁殖期，进入陌生群后鼠间争斗激烈。

The fluctuation of structure colonies and social orders of Brandts vole are studied.It is obviously that change of colony structure fluctuate in different seasons. The structure of colony is fluctuation in breeding period and it is more stable relatively in storing period.There are 2 peaks of fluctuation, one is in breeding prophase and other is in breeding peak period. The former is migration of adult and elder males mainly. The latter is migration of subadults mainly. But the members of colonies are steady relatively in storing period. The order in the colonies have 2 or 3 class in a colony that are dominant, 2nd dominant and lackey. Some colonies lack 2nd dominant. The class can be recognized with feeding, crowding and building nest contending and so on. The dominant is elder female mainly. More 50% lackeys raise class and about 30% dominants can keep them class in strange colony at breeding period. At non breeding period the competition meet repel in strange colony. It is decrease the proportion of getting higher class evidently.