高校科研团队知识共享激励:一个理论分析

Knowledge Sharing Incentive of University Scientific Research Team:A Theoretical Analysis

从激励作用机理方面集中探讨了高校科研团队如何实现有效的知识共享,具体研究了不同互依性下最优激励机制的差异。研究发现,当团队中科研人员仅存在产出互依性时,最优的激励机制为提供正向的个人激励和负向的团队激励;当团队成员存在知识互依性时,最优的团队激励应是正向的;团队激励对知识共享的作用是受个人激励调节的,团队奖励(或惩罚)首先会激励科研人员相互之间合作,而个人激励则会驱使科研人员利用好共享者所共享的知识;团队中科研人员的工作冲突水平对知识共享努力水平可能呈负向影响或是呈U型影响,这取决于个人激励和团队激励、知识互依性和产出互依性之间的关系。

This article focuses on the incentive mechanism of the University scientific research team,and explores how to achieve effective knowledge sharing.Specifically,we study the difference of optimal incentive mechanism in the different interdependent conditions.We found that,when the interdependence is in accordance with the output,the optimal incentive mechanism is positive individual incentives and negative team incentives.When there is interdependence of knowledge,the best team incentives is positive.The function of team incentives on knowledge sharing is adjusted by individual incentive.Firstly,team incentives（or penalties） will motivate the cooperation among researchers.Then,individual incentives will drive researchers to make good use of the shared knowledge;the impact of team members＇ conflict on the knowledge sharing is negative or U-impact.This not only depends on the relationship between individual incentives and team incentives but also depends on the relationship between the knowledge interdependence and the output interdependence.