ERP与二语学习:能像学习母语一样学习二语吗?

Event-related brain potentials and second language learning:Can L2 learners process an L2 in a native-like way?

本文介绍了事件相关电位(Event-related potential,ERP)的基本原理和在语言学习研究中的运用,概括了二语学习关键期、二语学习与母语学习异同的ERP研究证据,力图回答二语学习者能否用学习母语的方式学习二语。最后,得出结论:(1)ERP是用来标志语言理解和产生过程中所涉及的知觉和认知过程的先进技术。(2)使用ERP研究第二语言学习和加工具有独特优势:不要求作出外显反应,即使在外显行为没有显示学习的时候也能揭示内在学习特点和规律。(3)二语习得有关键期效应,其间习得年龄与最终成就存在强烈的负线性关系,二语迟学者达不到母语一样的熟练程度。(4)二语学习者能否用母语的学习方式学习二语取决于以下互相关联的因素:初始学习二语的年龄、语言结构的相似性、对特定的违规语言现象产生预期能力的高低、二语的熟练程度。

This article describes the principle of event-related potentials（ERP） and its use in the study of L2 learning,summarizes ERP evidences on the effect of the critical period of L2 learning,the similarity and difference between L1and L2,trying to answer the question ＂Can L2 learners process an L2 in a native-like way？＂ Finally,the conclusions include：（1） ERPs can be used as an advanced technology to index perceptual and cognitive processes involved in language comprehension and production.（2） ERPs are particularly advantageous in the study of L2 learning and processing： requiring no overt responses be made and indicating learning even when overt,behavioral measures have not.（3） Effect of critical period of L2 acquisition exists;there is a strong negative linear relationship between age of acquisition and ultimate attainment during the critical period,L2 learning can not reach the proficiency as the L1.（4） Whether or not L2 learners can process an L2 in a native-like way depends on several interrelated factors： the age of first exposure to L2,similarity across languages,the ability to generate high expectancies with regard to particular violations,and L2 proficiency level.