遗传因素和环境因素对儿童外向性行为影响的双生子研究

The Effect of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Externalizing Behaviors of Twin Children

目的探讨遗传和环境因素对双生子外向性行为的影响。方法运用Achenbach儿童行为评定量表(CBCL,家长版)评定双生子的外向性行为,一般情况问卷、FACESII-CV、GHQ-12等量表调查双生子家庭环境因素,通过Mx软件构建单因素结构方程模型,分析加性遗传效应、共享环境因素、个体特异性环境因素对双生子外向性行为的影响。结果纳入分析6～16岁的双生子共168对。在外向性行为的总变异方差中加性遗传效应、共享环境因素、个体特异性环境因素分别占0.39(95%CI:0.22～0.62)、0.51(95%CI:0.28～0.67)、0.10(95%CI:0.07～0.15)。外向性行为与父亲、母亲的GHQ-12总分相关(r=0.24,P<0.01;r=0.30,P<0.01),与家庭实际适应性呈负相关(r=-0.27,P<0.01)。对外向性行为与一般环境因素进行logistic回归分析,结果显示儿童的外向性行为与其母亲的生活习惯吸烟、饮酒有关。结论儿童的外向性行为主要受共享环境因素的影响;儿童的外向性行为与其父亲和母亲的心理健康状况有关,父母的心理问题越多,儿童的外向性行为分值越高;儿童的外向性行为与其母亲的生活习惯吸烟、饮酒有关。

Objective To explore the effect of genetic and environmental factors on externalizing behaviors of children.Methods A total of 168 twin pairs aged 6-16 years were recruited.Their parents completed Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist（CBCL） to evaluate the children＇s externalizing behaviors.The parents also completed FACESII-CV and GHQ-12 to assess their family environment.Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effects of additive genetic factors（A）,common environmental factors（C） and individual-specific environmental factors（E） on the externalizing behaviors.Results The effect of A,C,and E on externalizing behaviors were 0.39（95%CI： 0.22-0.62）,0.51（95%CI： 0.28-0.67）,and 0.10（95%CI： 0.07-0.15）,respectively.Significant correlations were found between the children＇s externalizing behaviors and the total GHQ-12 scores of their fathers and mothers（r=0.24,P〈0.05;r=0.30,P〈0.05）.The externalizing behaviors were also correlated with family adaptability（r=0.27,P〈0.01）.The logistic regression identified mother＇s habits,such as smoking and drinking as risk factors of their children＇s externalizing behaviors.Conclusion Externalizing behaviors are mainly affected by shared environmental factors.Externalizing behaviors are related to general mental health of fathers and mothers and the family adaptability.