乌鲁木齐河下游地区土地利用/覆盖时空变化研究

Temporal and Spatial Change of Land Use/Cover in the Area of Lower Reaches of Urumchi River

在解译和分析1989,1999和2007年3个时相的TM和ETM+遥感影像基础上,运用GIS和数理统计方法,通过建立土地利用/覆盖变化转移矩阵和构建土地利用/覆盖动态变化模型,对乌鲁木齐河下游地区18年土地利用/覆盖的时空动态变化进行研究。结果发现:1989—2007年该地区建设用地显著增加,城市扩张明显,耕地、草地和林地面积在近18年也有增加;1989—1999年,土地盐碱化严重,水库的新扩建使水域面积在20世纪90年代显著增加;通过地类变化速度分析,发现林地的转入率和转出率均较高,这和当地人工林成活率较低有关;土地利用/覆盖变化空间差异分析表明水磨沟区和新市区在近18年城市扩张最为显著。

Based on analyzing and interpreting the TM and ETM ＋ remote sensing images at three temporal stages in 1989, 1999 and 2007, the land use/cover change in the are of lower reaches of Urumuehi River in recent 18 years, in both spatial and temporal aspects, was studied with the tools of geographical information system （GIS）. Conclusions are drawn as follows： From 1989 to 2007, the built-up area increased and urbanization in study area was obvious. The area of farmland, grassland and woodland increase in recent 18 years and the area of salinity and water extende quickly in the 1990s. By analyzing the indexes of individual land use/cover dynamic change, it is found that both the gain rate and the loss rate of woodland are high for the lower survival rate of the local plantation. Meanwhile, there is notable difference of land use/ cover change among districts. Urbanization in Shuimogou District and Xinshi District are most significant in recent 18 years.