长白山自然保护区生物多样性旅游价值评估研究

A STUDY ON TOURISM VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY IN CHANGBAISHAN MOUNTAIN BIOSPHERE RESERVE (CMBR) IN NORTHEAST CHINA

在野外调查的基础上，采用费用支出法、旅行费用法（ＴＣＭ）及条件价值法（ＣＶＭ）对长白山自然保护区生物多样性旅游价值进行了评估。旅游价值估算为游客的旅行费用支出、消费者剩余、时间价值和其他花费之和。计算消费者剩余使用了国外流行的ＴＣＭ技术，通过全国地理小区划分和３１３１位游客的现场抽样调查，计算出游客出发小区的旅游率，建立了旅游率与人口、收入、旅行费用及旅行时间等因变量之间的回归模型和“供给—需求曲线”，求出全体游客的消费者剩余。计算结果表明，１９９６年长白山保护区生物多样性旅游价值为４３２０５万元，其中国内旅游价值１３７８３万元，国外旅游价值２９４２２万元。

Based on field investigations and by using the expense payment method, travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM),the tourism value of biodiversity in Changbaishan Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR) is evaluated in this paper.The tourism value is considered as the sum of the tourists' trave l cost,consumer surplus,time value and other expenses.To calculate the consumer surplus,the TCM technique,popular in some western countries,is used.By dividing the country into small geographic sub regions and carrying out on site samplin g investigations of 3 131 visitors,the visiting rates of the tourists from the s tarting sub regions to CMBR are calculated,a regression model between the visit ing rates and the variables such as population,incomes,travel costs,and travel t ime of the sub regions,and a supply demand curve is established and the consum er's surplus of all the tourists is thus figured out.The results showed that in 1996,the total tourism value of biodiversity in CMBR reached 432 million yuan,o f which domestic tourism value was 137 83 million yuan and international touri sm value,294.2 million yuan.