纳西族汝卡东巴经初探

Preliminary Probe to Ruka Dongba Writing of Naxi Ethnic Minority

纳西族汝卡支系的东巴经、东巴文较有特色,但学界公布的材料少,至今只见李霖灿、和志武先生搜集的123个汝卡字。受材料所限,相关研究也较少。笔者在五次田野调查、翻译了《送魂路线经》等九本汝卡东巴经的基础上,进行了初步的经书用字研究。发现汝卡东巴文象形、指事、会意、形声、假借、借形几种结构的字都具备,象形字数量占据绝对优势,形声字较少。有的汝卡东巴文还保留着最初的造字理据,也有一些与一般东巴文造字理据不同,还有一些比一般东巴文更简化。

Ruka is a branch of Naxi ethnic minority group,Ruka Dongba writing has its characteristics but few material has been published except the only 123 words by Mr. Li Lincan and Mr. He Zhiwu. So, there are few studies because of the fewer materials found. Based on the five field investigations and nine copies of translation,the writer makes a preliminary study of the writing and finds that Ruka Dongba writing has six kinds of word-formation,and the pictographic character occupied the overwhelming superiority. Some of the words still maintain the primary word-formation basis while others may have already changed or even more simple.