四川灾区小学教师主观幸福感、应对方式及其关系研究

Subjective Well-being,Coping Style and Their Relationship of Primary School Teachers in the Earthquake-stricken Areas

目的了解5.12汶川地震后四川灾区小学教师的主观幸福感、应对方式现状及两者之间的关系。方法采用主观幸福感问卷和应对方式问卷对来自四川地震灾区102所小学的307名小学教师进行调查。结果 1不同职称小学教师在精力、忧郁或愉快、对情感和行为的控制及松弛与紧张4个维度差异显著(F=3.297,P<0.05;F=4.101,P<0.01;F=2.702,P<0.05;F=5.208,P<0.01);不同级别学校的教师在对情感和行为的控制维度差异显著(F=3.093,P<0.05);2男教师更多采用自责、退避的应对方式(t=2.283,P<0.05;t=2.523,P<0.05),女教师更多采用求助的应对方式(t=2.272,P<0.05);不同任教年限教师在解决问题维度差异显著(F=3.058,P<0.05);中年教师较青年教师更多采用解决问题的应对方式(F=40.013,P<0.05);3主观幸福感和应对方式各因子存在不同程度相关,自责、幻想和求助能联合预测主观幸福感29.8%的变异量。结论应对方式能在一定程度上预测主观幸福感水平;有必要对灾后教师的应对方式进行积极引导。

Objective To investigate the lever of subjective well-being, coping style and their relationship among primary school teachers in the earthquake-stricken areas after 5 · 12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Methods A total of 307 teachers in 102 earthquake- stricken primary schools completed the Coping Style Questionnaire and Subject Well-being Scale. Results ①There were signifi- cant differences in energy, melancholy or happy, controlling of emotion and behavior and relaxation or tension among primary school teachers from different type of professional titles （F =3. 297, P〈 0.05 ; F = 4. 101, P 〈 0. 01 ; F = 2. 702, P〈 0.05 ; F = 5. 208,P〈0.01）. There were significant differences in controlling of emotion and behavior among primary school teachers from dif- ferent school grades（F= 3. 093,P〈0.05）. ②Male teachers used more coping skills of self-accusation and wince than the female teachers （t = 2. 283, P〈 0.05;t = 2. 523, P〈 0. 05）. The female teachers used more coping skills of help seeking than the male teachers（t=2. 272,P〈0. 05）. There were significant differences in solving problems among primary school teachers from different teaching ages（F= 3. 058,P〈0.05）. The middle-aged teachers used more coping skills of solving problems than the young teachers （F= 40. 013,P〈0.05）. ③Subjective well-beiag had correlationships with various factors of coping style in diferent degrees;selfaccusation,fantasy and help seeking factors accounted for 29.8% variations of subjective well-being. Conclusion Coping style can predict subjective well-being to some extent. It is necessary to give primary school teachers in the earthquake-stricken areas some oositive guidance of coping style.