山东半岛和黄河三角洲的海岸侵蚀与防治对策

Coastal Erosion in Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta and Related Countermeasures

海岸侵蚀是一种渐进式或突发式的特殊海洋地质灾害。山东半岛和黄河三角洲分布有粉砂淤泥质海岸、砂质海岸、基岩海岸、黄土台地海岸等类型的海岸。近几十年来,山东半岛和黄河三角洲海岸受河流改道与入海河流输沙量减少、海面上升、风暴潮等自然因素及在河流上游建设水库拦蓄泥沙、沿岸挖沙及海滩采沙、不合理的海岸工程建设、海岸湿地植被和防护林破坏、不合理的滨海旅游项目建设等人为因素的影响,发生了普遍而严重的海岸侵蚀。对此,本文提出了加强海岸带开发管理,严禁海岸带非法采沙,人工海滩补沙,建海堤、丁坝和离岸堤,实施岬控工程和恢复、重建退化海岸盐沼湿地等防治海岸侵蚀的措施。

Coastal erosion is related with sudden or gradual marine geological disasters. There are many coast types along Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta,such as silt-clayey coast,sandy coast,rocky coast,loess platform coast. In the recent several decades,the coastal erosion of Shandong Peninsula and Yellow River Delta is widespread and seriously influenced by some natural and human factors. The natural influences include river diversion,sediment discharge decrease from rivers to sea,sea level rise,storm surge,and the human influences include construction of banks in upstream of rivers to intercept sediment,sand digging in coast and beach,unreasonable coastal project construction,destruction of coastal wetland and protection forest. Some countermeasures are proposed in this paper,such as the management of coastal zone exploration,forbidding sand digging in coast and beach,compensating sand in coast by human activity,constructing banks,groins and detached breakwaters,controlling headland,restoring and rehabilitating degraded salt marsh in coast.