2～3岁城市幼儿行为与社会能力发展的关系

The relationship between behavior and social ability development of urban 2 - 3 years old toddlers

目的探讨2～3岁城市幼儿行为与社会能力发展的关系。方法采取横断研究设计，以分层随机整群抽样的方法，抽取中国14个大中城市2601名2～3岁幼儿的母亲作为调查对象。用Achenbach2～3岁儿童行为量表（CBCL／2—3）及中国城市儿童情绪社会性发展评估量表（CTSEA）进行被调查幼儿行为及社会能力发展状况筛查后，用多元逐步回归法，分析行为与社会能力发展的关系。结果2601名幼儿中，行为问题检出194人，其中男童107名，女童87名，男女童行为总分差异有显著性（t=2．36，P〈0．05）；行为各因子中，攻击行为及破坏行为性别差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；社会能力发展问题检出268人，其中男童139名，女童129名，男女童社会能力发展总分差异有显著性；社会能力各因子中，依从能力、模仿能力、移情能力及亲社会的同伴关系（P〈0．05或〈0．01）性别差异有显著性。多元逐步回归分析显示，儿童攻击、破坏、忧郁、社会退缩等行为分别与社会能力中的依从性、移情、同伴关系及模仿能力等相关。结论培养良好行为习惯，可促进幼儿社会能力发展。

Objective To explore the relationship between the behavior and social ability development of Chinese urban 2 - 3 years old toddlers. Methods The number of 2601 toddlers aged 2 - 3 years old were involved by random cluster sampling under the cross-sectional study from 14 large-media cities in China and surveyed by Child Behavior Checklist（ CBCL 2/3） and Chinese Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment（CTSEA） Questionnaire. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was user] to analyze the surveyed results. Results In 2601 toddlers,there were 194 toddlers detected positive about the behavior, the rate was 7.5%, including boys 107 （4.11% ） and girls 87 （3.34%） , and there was gender differences in positive rates of the behavior（ t = 2.36, P〈 0.05 ）. Otherwise ,268 toddlers were detected positive about social-emotional ability, the rate was 10.3% , including boys 139 （5.34%） and girls 129 （4.96%） , there also was gender differences in suspected positive rates of so- cial＊emotional ability（ t = 3.60, P 〈 0.01 ）. The multiple stepwise regression analysis results indicated that attacks, damage, depression,withdrawal were correspond correlated with compliance, empathy, prosocial-peer-relations and imitation. Conclusion Cultivating good habits would promote the development of children＇ s soeial ability.