怀化城市形态演变特征及影响因素

Evolution Characteristics of the Urban Morphology and Its Forming Mechanism in Huaihua

城市形态研究一直就是城市地理学的一个重要内容,本文根据1992、1999、2007年城市规划土地利用现状图、怀化市1∶10000地形图、遥感影像图、社会经济统计数据以及其他相关资料,借助ArcGIS 9.2平台和统计分析软件(SPSS11.5),采用空间形态分析、地统计分析、等扇分析、景观测度及分形理论等研究方法,对我国中部铁路枢纽城市怀化的城市形态演变特征及形成机制展开研究。结果表明:城市整体以正东、西南、正北方位的扩展为主,且呈现出明显的阶段性特征;城市外部形态的紧凑度、分维数偏低,形状指数偏大,城市内部形态演化中,居住用地和公共设施用地的圈层分布比较明显,工业用地主要集中在几个特定圈层,而工业用地和住宅用地各时期随圈层面积变化较大,公共设施用地各时期随圈层面积变化较小;在此基础上探寻城市形态演变的动力机制,认为怀化城市形态的演变是经济发展、交通设施发展、自然地理条件限制等多重驱动力共同作用的结果。

Urban morphology research is an important element of urban geography.This paper chooses a railway hub-Huaihua city to carry out the research and analyzes its characteristics with the help of urban land use planning map,1∶10000 topographic maps,remote sensing images,socio-economic statistical data and other rele-vant information,using ArcGIS 9.2 and statistical analysis software（SPSS11.5） and some other research methods such as statistical analysis,spatial patterns analysis,fans analysis and fractal theory.The study shows that Huai-hua is expanding mainly to the east and the south,representing stage characteristics.In the external city mor-phology,it presents low compact and fractal dimension but high shape index.In the internal city morphology,residential land and public facilities land are distributed in circle layers,while industrial land is mainly concen-trated in a few specific areas.On this basis,to explore the dynamic mechanism of urban morphology evolution,we found that the evolution of urban patterns is the result of economic development,transport infrastructure con-struction,and natural and geographical conditions.