基于生态系统服务的官厅水库流域生态补偿机制研究

A Studyon Ecological Compensation for the Guanting Reservoir Based on Ecosystem Services

北京市是世界上严重缺水的大城市之一.官厅水库作为北京重要的供水水源地,如何在保证官厅水库流域经济社会发展的同时,维护北京市经济发展和生态环境所需的水资源是需要迫切解决的问题。生态补偿机制是有效解决这一问题的环境经济手段之一。本文试图通过分析官厅水库流域的土地利用变化来探讨其生态补偿机制,通过分析官厅水库流域1985年-2000年的土地利用变化的基础上,并结合库区实际情况,本文量化了官厅水库流域生态系统服务,分析了生态系统服务对人类活动的响应与反馈,在此基础上提出生态补偿机制,探讨了生态补偿标准,并分析了4种生态补偿方式,即资金补偿、政策补偿、产业补偿和智力补偿的可行性,最后提出未来将通过情景分析法量化生态补偿机制的实施效果,提高官厅水库流域生态补偿机制的可操作性。

Beijing is one of cities suffering increasingly severe water shortages in China,and the Guanting Reservoir is one of the most primary waters source areas of Beijing.It is essential to maintain water supply for municipal use,economic development and the environment of Beijing without restraining economic development over the Guanting Reservoir areas.Ecological compensation is considered a major economic means of the capability to resolve the problem.This paper attempts to perform a study on ecological compensation for the Guanting Reservoir areas by fully accounting for its land use change.On the basis of land use change over the Guanting Reservoir area during the period 1985-2000,the ecosystem services value was estimated,with examining the impacts of ecosystem services on human activities and the feedback.Based on this, the ecosystem compensation for the Guanting Reservoir area was proposed.Four types of compensation modes were discussed in detail,including the fund compensation,the policy compensation,the industry compensation and the intellectual compensation.Quantification of the effect of implementing ecosystem compensation will be studied based on scenarios analysis.The authors here analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of ecological system services and ecological compensation,with the objective to provide meaningful policies and suggestions for ecosystem management.It was drawn that（1）the trans-dimensional correlation of ecosystem services plays a fundamental role in implementing ecosystem compensation across the Guanting Reservoir areas, while human well-being is a key link between ecosystem services and ecological compensation; and（2）the results from the standard calculation based on ecosystem service value differs greatly from that based on development opportunity since the method based on ecosystem service makes use of the general table of China’s ecosystem services value unit area and relevant formulas,with different ecosystem types leading to the results without regional characteristics.It is suggested that the estimated ecosystem services value would be more reliable by taking into account a regional adjustment coefficient.The method based on development opportunity is considered a more practical way to calculate ecosystem services value for a region.