有机磷农药降解菌及其基因工程研究新进展

Advances of Studies on Organophosphorus Pesticide-Degrading Strains and Their Gene Engineering

有机磷农药是目前我国使用量最大的农药,对农业的发展有重要的作用,但同时造成了严重的环境污染。利用微生物及其产生的降解酶来降解农药是行之有效的方法。随着分子生物学技术的深入利用,农药的微生物降解已在基因工程领域取得了很大进展。本文综述了有机磷农药降解微生物的筛选、降解酶和基因的克隆、基因工程菌的构建以及应用等几个方面的研究进展。

Organophosphorus pesticides （OPs） are most extensively used pesticides around the world. Although Ops are playing important roles in protecting agricultural crops from insect pests and weeds, and in controlling disease-transmitting vectors, they cause serious environmental pollution problems. The biotechnology involving the use of microorganisms or their cell-free enzyme preparations in degrading pesticides appears to have promising applications in degrading the residual pesticides. With the advances of molecular biology techniques, microbial degradation of pesticides in the field of genetic engineering has made considerable progress. The screening of microorganisms degrading these pesticides, the study on degrading enzymes and genes, the construction and application of genetic engineering strains are summarized.