论冷战时期的苏联与东欧关系

An Analysis of the Relations between Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the Cold War Era

国家民族主义和国际主义均有自身独特的结构和层次,看似矛盾,但均涉及到国际关系中的国家利益和国际地位。无论是以国家民族主义,还是以国际主义为视角来分析冷战时期的苏联与东欧关系,都很容易失之于片面。在冷战时期的苏联与东欧关系中,国家民族主义恒常存在并且起作用,表现为苏联的大国主义、大党主义和东欧的民族主义、实用主义。同时,国际主义因素像空气一样,似乎是看不见、摸不着的,但又是客观存在的,并且具有存在的合理性,也有可圈可点之处。两者并存竞争、复杂互动。只有把国家民族主义和国际主义结合起来综合分析,才能得出相对真实、可靠,从而比较正确的结论。

This article discusses the relations between the former Soviet Union and the Eastern Europe in the cold war era from the perspective of state-nationalism and internationalism.It criticizes the great-nation chauvinism and great-party chauvinism,and the Eastern European countries＇ nationalism and pragmatism.It also confirms the sincere internationalist factors in the former Soviet-Eastern Europe relations.The article argues that state-nationalism is the basic pattern for the survival of the nation states and is also a force that may influence international relations.The author points out that the former Soviet-Eastern European relation is a double-direction and mutual dynamic process.The discussion emphasizes that the failure of the former Soviet-Eastern European mode of internationalism in the practice does not mean a total negation of the idea of internationalism.It stresses that the diplomacy of socialist countries should learn from the historical experiences.