社会偏见:制约和谐社会构建的社会心理因素

Social Prejudice:a Psychological Factor Binding the Construction of a Harmonious Society

从根源上讲,社会认知偏差效应、经济竞争和利益冲突、社会历史文化因素、社会类别化以及人格、动机、从众等社会心理动力因素均是导致社会偏见的重要原因。社会偏见给人们的社会生活以及社会关系的和谐所造成的消极影响主要表现在:使受偏见者自我束缚,导致自我实现预言;导致人际之间的疏离,引发社会歧视行为;引发社会冲突,危害社会稳定。社会偏见不仅有损社会成员的心理和谐,还是引发社会歧视和社会冲突的心理根源。消除和避免社会偏见的对策主要有:消除社会认知偏差效应的影响,增加平等接触和交往的机会以增进相互了解,创造良好的舆论氛围和建立有效的社会保障体系。

So far as the source is concerned, social prejudices result mainly from bias effect of social recognition, economic competition and conflict in interests, elements of social history and culture, social categorization and such motivating factors of social psychology as personality, motive and herding tendency. Social prejudices bring about to social life and harmonious social relations such negative effects on social stability as self-bounding of the prejudice-stricken, prediction of self-actualization, re-combing of social interactions, mis-conduct of social discrimination. Therefore, such strategies to eliminate and avoid social prejudices ought to be introduced as removing the bias effect of social cognition, promoting equal contact and opportunities of social contact to improve mutual understanding and creating a fine atmosphere for offering social opinions and an effective system of social security.