论唐代均田农户经济的破产分化

Bankruptcy and Differentiation of the Land-averaging Family Economy in the Tang Dynasty

唐高宗朝,部分均田农户经济开始破产分化。武周到睿宗时期,均田农户经济的破产分化已相当严重,威胁到了国家财政收入和社会稳定。玄宗朝,均田农户经济大多破产,严峻到了朝廷失控的程度。安史之乱爆发后,均田农户经济急剧破产。德宗建中元年,唐廷宣布废除租庸调制而改行两税法,实际上宣布废止了均田制,均田农户经济至此彻底破产并退出了历史舞台。均田农户经济破产分化的衰败历程和唐王朝国家统治由盛转衰的历程,是基本一致的。

In the reign of Emperor of Gao in the Tang Dynasty part of the land-averaging farmers started to go bankrupt and differentiate. Down to the reign of Emperor of Rui in Wu Zetian’s court of Zhou, the bankruptcy and differentiation of land-averaging family economy became so serious as to threaten the state’s financial income and social security. Up till the reign of Emperor of Xuan, most the land-averaging families had gone bankrupt and the economic situation was narrowly out of the court’s control. After the outburst of An Lushan and Shi Siming’s Rebellion, the land-averaging family economy went bankrupt sharply. In the first year of the imperial title of Jianzhong in the reign of Emperor of De, the court declared the unmaking of the land-renting system and the imposing of a system of double rent, which actually indicated the repealing of the land-averaging system. The course of decline of land-averaging family economy basically agreed with the turn of the state rule of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline.