陶渊明的政治哲学

Political Philosophy of Tao Yuanming

从历史事实看,陶渊明政治哲学主要是以"田园"与"政治"为基本的经验内容而形成的。从田园与政治的本质关系看二者是统一的。这种统一性源于田园本性与人的本性的统一,从而形成陶渊明"田园政治"的政治哲学思想。"田园政治"是符合自然、田园、人性,根植于"道德"本体的政治。从田园政治的制度设计看,陶渊明注重政治制度的经验内容,如衣食为先、重视农业、没有赋税、社会和谐等,他对君主制和法律制度的看法也自成一格。

Historical facts show that Tao Yuanming’s political philosophy shaped chiefly based on his fundamental ＂political＂ and ＂pastoral＂ experience. In terms of the essences of the two, pasture and politics were unified, which was originated from the unity between the nature of pasture and that of men. This was the basis of Tao’s philosophy of ＂pastoral politics＂. Deeply rooted in ＂moral-based＂ politics, ＂pastoral politics＂ conformed to nature, pasture and character of men. The arrangement of ＂pastoral political＂ institutions showed that Tao Yuanming emphasized experiential contents of political institutions, such as priority for food and dressing, emphasis on agriculture, no imposing taxes and social harmony. Moreover, Tao also developed his individual view about sovereignty and legal system.