自噬的免疫调节作用和机制

The immuno-regulatory effects and mechanisms of autophagy

自噬是细胞内降解细胞成分的主要通道，对生物体的生存、分化、发育和维持其动态平衡具有关键作用。自噬机制既可作为免疫系统清除细胞内病原物质的效应器，也可作为模式识别受体或细胞因子的效应器，帮助免疫系统确认病原侵入和细胞转化。更为重要的是，自噬过程还可通过将细胞内物质转移到溶酶体降解并呈递给Ⅱ型MHC分子，与细胞应激和炎症反应耦联，参与调节固有免疫和适应性免疫反应。对自噬参与免疫反应分子机制的研究将加深对免疫反应分子机制的全面了解，为自噬相关疾病防治提供新的机会和途径。

Autophagy is a major pathway for degradation of cellular components and it contributes to the survival, differentiation, development, and dynamic homeostasis of organisms. Recent studies have demon- strated that autophagic mechanisms act as the effectors of immune systems, pattern recognition receptors and cy- tokines to clean the invasive pathogens in the cells. It was also found that immune systems recognize the invasive pathogens via monitoring the autophagic products. This pathway delivers the cytoplasmic material for lysosomal hydrolysis and presents the antigens to MHC 1] molecules so as to activate the CD4 ~ T cells, hnportantly, au- tophagy can couple with sign＇fling for stress responses of cells and/or inflammatory responses to function as a de- fense. This paper reviewed the advance of rapidly developing research field and introduced the molecular mech- anisms that autophagy regulates innate and adaptive immunity. These studies will deepen our understanding the mechanisms of immune responses and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for autophage-associated diseases.