1Parikh SM,Diedrich A,Biaggioni I,et al.The nature of the autonomic dysfunction in multiple system atrophy.J Neurol Sci,2002,200:1-10.
2Gilman S,Low PA,Quinn N,et al.Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy.J Auton Nerv Syst,1998,74:189-192.
3Riley DE,Chelimsky TC.Autonomic nervous system testing may not distinguish multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2003,74:56-60.
4Beck RO,Betts CD,Fowler CJ.Genitourinary dysfunction in multiple system atrophy:clinical features and treatment in 62 cases.J Urol,1994,151:1336-1341.
5Sakakibara R,Hattori T,Uchiyama T,et al.Urinary dysfunction and orthostatic hypotension in multiple system atrophy:which is the more common and earlier manifestation.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2000,68:65-69.
6Kirchhof K,Apostolidis AN,Mathias CJ,et al.Erectile and urinary dysfunction may be the presenting features in patients with multiple system atrophy:a retrospective study.Inter J Impotence Res,2003,15:193-198.
1Quinn NP.How to diagnose multiple system atrophy.MovDisord,2005,(Suppl12):S5-S10.
2Savoiardo M,Strada L,Girotti F,et al.Olivopontocerebellar atrophy:MR diagnosis and relationship to multiple system atrophy.Radiology,1990,174:693-696.
3王维治,罗祖明.神经病学[M].第五版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:224-225.
4Savoiardo M,Strada L,Girotti F,et al.Olivopontocerebellar atrophy:MR diagnosis and relationship to multisystematrophy.Radiology,1990,174:693-696.
5Pagani E,Horsfield MA,Rocca MA,et al.Assessing atrophy of the major white matter fiber bundles of the brainfrom diffusion tensor MRI data.Magn Reson Med,2007,58:527-534.
