普通野生稻遗传多样性分析

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Common Rice Oryza rufipogon

为了扩大水稻杂交育种中亲本的选择、改变目前遗传基础狭窄的状况,试验选用分布于水稻基因组的12条染色体上的30对SSR引物,对国内外的20份普通野生稻进行遗传多样性研究。结果显示,试验选取的30对SSR引物均具有多态性,多态性位点百分率为100%;这些多态性引物在20份材料中共扩增出220条多态性带,平均每对SSR引物可检测到3～11个等位基因,平均每个位点7.3条。Nei遗传距离及系统聚类和带型分析结果表明,在Nei遗传距离为1.3处可将20份材料分为3个类群,即2个国外群体和1个国内群体;同一生态型的稻种基本聚为一类,个别不同生态型的稻种由于品种间的基因交流,具有相对较近的亲缘关系。说明SSR是一种进行遗传多样性研究切实有效的方法;育种亲本的选择不能仅仅依据生态型。

For broadening the choice of parents in cross breeding to change current limited genetic basis, 30 SSR （simple sequence repeats） primer pairs that disperse on 12 chromosomes in rice were used to study genetic diversity among 20 Oryza ruff- pogon Griff rice varieties. All the 30 SSR markers generated polymorphic bands revealing 100% polymorphism. Total 220 poly- morphie bands were detected among 20 varieties. The number of alleles （ A ） per locus ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of 7.3 alleles. Cluster analysis showed that all cultivars could be classified into 3 groups, two abroad groups and one native group. Almost all materials collected from the same region could be clustered together. Some materials from various regions could also be clus- tered together indicating that these materials have close genetic relationship with gene communion. This indicated SSR markers play an important role in ecotype classification and study of genetic diversity. The choice of parents in cross breeding could not be based only on its ecotype.