人类心智探秘的哲学之路——试论从语言哲学到心智哲学的发展

A Philosophical Way in Questing Human Mind:On the Development of Philosophy from Language to Mind

从认知科学的角度重新审视20世纪下半叶以来西方哲学的发展,我们认为参与人类心智探秘的语言哲学具有三种意义:形成句法学、语义学和语用学研究人类语言和心智的三分框架;形成"主体-语言-世界"三元结构世界观;语言哲学的发展催生了认知科学。20世纪70年代中期认知科学诞生以后,心智哲学已经取代语言哲学成为西方哲学的主流。心智哲学也具有三重含义:完成了哲学的"认知转向";形成了"心智-语言-世界"新的三元结构世界观;开创了以经验为基础的、以综合方法为特征的哲学发展的新时代。心智哲学和体验哲学具有与以往的哲学完全不同的特征。随着认知科学的发展,一个学科综合交叉、知识综合创新、人才全面发展的新时代必将到来。

From the perspective of cognitive science to re-examine the development of Western philosophy in the second half of the 20th century, we believe that that philosophy of language, which took part in the questing of human mind, has three meanings： （1） a trisected frame to research human language and mind, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, came into being; （2） a ternary structural world view, ＂subject - language - world＂, was formed; （3） philosophy of language was as a midwife to cognitive science. In the middle of 1970s, after the birth of cognitive science, philosophy of mind has substituted for philosophy of language as the mainstream of Western philosophy. Philosophy of Mind also has a three meanings： （1） ＂cognitive turn＂ of the philosophy has been completed; （2） a new ternary structural view of world, ＂subject - language - world＂, was set up; （3） created a new era that based on experience and characterized in integrating. Philosophy of mind, or philosophy in the flesh, should never be the same as any kind of philosophies before. With the development of cognitive science, a new era that has integration and crossing in disciplines, integrating and innovation in knowledge, comprehensive development in education, will surely come.