不同保护和利用方式下羊草草原群落生物量及能量功能群构成的比较

Comparison of biomass and energy functional groups composition under different protection and using styles in Leymus chinensis grassland community

基于野外调查数据,结合能量功能群分类方法,对不同围封年限(围封4年,围封9年,围封29年)及不同利用方式(放牧、割草)影响下羊草草原的生物量、根冠比及不同能量功能群优势度进行比较分析,结果表明:围封使得群落地上、地下总生物量增加,并随着围封年限的增加渐趋稳定。相比围封保护,放牧和打草利用均会使群落根冠比变大。5个样地比较,放牧退化对群落的能量功能群构成影响较大,相比其他样地,低能值植物功能群优势度明显增加,而中能值和高能值植物功能群则明显下降。几个围封样地和打草场样地之间则没有显出规律性变化。相比重度放牧而言,围封和打草这两种利用方式都可以使羊草草原得到很好的保护。而对于围封而言,围封3-5年后对羊草草原加以适度的利用对草原保护和经济的发展都是有利的。

Based on the field investigation,combined with energy functional group classifications,the variances of biomass,root - shoot ratio and dominance of energy functional groups of Leymus chinensis grassland were compared under different fencing period （fenced for 4 years,9 years,and 29 years） and using styles （grazing, mowing）. The results showed that： aboveground and underground biomasys of communities increased under enclosure and stabilized gradually with increasing of enclosure years. Compared to enclosed protection,grazing and mowing increased root - shoot ratio of community. Among 5 sampling plots,heavy grazing impacted the energy functional groups composition of community greatly. Compared with other plots,the dominance of low - energy plant functional group increased,while those of the high - energy and medium - energy decreased significantly in heavy grazing plots. There was no regular change among several enclosed pasture plots and mowing plot. Compared to heavy grazing,enclosure and mowing can make Leymus chinensis grasslands be well protected. For the enclosure,moderate utilization of the grassland after fenced 3 - 5years was better for the protection of the grassland and the development of the economics.