不同种植年限葡萄园根区土壤养分变化及对再植葡萄生长的影响

Root zone soil nutrient change of vineyard with different planting years and related effect on replanted grape growth

研究了种植葡萄30年重茬3次和种植葡萄3年新建葡萄园的根区土壤养分变化,结合盆栽试验,分析了不同葡萄园根区土壤对再植葡萄生长发育的影响。结果表明,连作葡萄园土壤有机质及大量元素N、P、K、水溶性Ca、Mg含量并未减少,表现出显著增加趋势,而微量元素变化较为复杂,随着葡萄种植时间延长,Fe、Mn含量减少,Zn、Cu含量增加,Zn/Mn、Zn/Fe、N/Fe、P/Fe、Zn/K等比例失调,其中Zn/Mn、Zn/Fe比例失调最为严重。与新植园土盆栽葡萄相比,连作园根区土盆栽葡萄的株高、茎粗、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、叶绿素含量和根系活力均较低,分别比新植园土盆栽葡萄降低39.80%、5.82%、47.97%、30.17%、30.36%和21.22%,表现出明显的重茬障碍症状。连作土壤中Fe含量减少,Zn/Mn、Zn/Fe比例失调可能是葡萄连作障碍产生的重要原因之一。

Root zone soil nutrient change in different vineyards respectively replanted 3 times with 30 years cultivation and not replanted with 3 years cultivation of grapes was studied.Growth of replanted grapes in root zone soil from different vineyards was also investigated through potted experiment.The results indicate that soil organic matter and macro-elements （N,P,K and available Ca and Mg） increase with increasing grape planting years.However,the dynamics of trace elements is a lot more complicated.Available Fe and Mn are deficit in replanted vineyard soils,while available Cu,Zn increase.Zn/Mn,Zn/Fe,N/Fe,P/Fe,Zn/K are imbalance in root zones,of which Zn/Mn and Zn/Fe are the worst state of balance.Compared to newly planted vineyards,average plant height,stem diameter,shoot and root fresh weight,root activity and leaf chlorophyll content of replanted vineyards separately drop by 39.80%,5.82%,47.97%,30.17%,21.22% and 30.36%,along with remarkable replant diseases.Available Fe deficiency and Zn/Mn and Zn/Fe imbalances are the probable factors associated with replant obstacles of grape.