麦秆和羊粪混合高温堆肥腐熟进程研究

Process of high-temperature compost of sheep manure with addition of wheat straw

试验研究了添加不同比例的麦秆对羊粪高温堆肥腐熟进程的影响。结果表明,羊粪高温堆肥时添加麦秆可缩短进入高温发酵阶段的时间,减少氮素损失,加快C/N降低速率。在堆肥过程中,高温发酵层从中间向上下扩散;有机质的下降速度在堆肥初期与麦秆比例呈正比,在堆肥后期呈反比。堆肥结束时,各处理堆肥全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量分别较堆肥初期提高2.29%～8.41%、12.51%～24.88%、1.77%～31.34%和5.03%～25.45%,其中羊粪与秸秆6︰4处理的增幅均为最高;速效氮含量较堆肥初期下降34.62%～14.10%,其中6︰4处理降幅最小。在实际应用中,羊粪与麦秆按体积比6︰4进行堆肥较为适宜,腐熟速度最快,若以种子发芽指数80%作为堆肥腐熟的评价指标,则其腐熟速度比纯羊粪提高1倍,28d即可腐熟。

The effect of wheat straw on sheep manure high-temperature compost was studied.Results show that addition of wheat straw during sheep manure composting shortens the time to high-temperature fermentation,decreases nitrogen loss and accelerates rate of C/N decline.During composting,high-temperature fermentation layer diffuses from the middle to upper and lower layers.At the initial stage,a positive proportional relation exists between the loss rate of organic matter and wheat straw ratio.At late composting,however,a relatively inverse relationship is observed.At the end of the sheep manure/wheat straw composting,total phosphorus and potassium,and available phosphorus and potassium in all treatments increase over the initial stage by 2.29%～8.41%,12.51%～24.88%,1.77%～31.34% and 5.03%～25.45% respectively.The magnitude of the increase is highest under 6︰4 of sheep manure to wheat straw.Available nitrogen drops at the end of composting by 34.62%～14.10% over the initial stage,with the lowest drop under 6︰4 of sheep manure to wheat straw.For practical applications,the ratio 6︰4 of sheep manure to wheat straw is more suitable for composting.Using a germination index of 80% as evaluation index,the mixture of 6︰4 of sheep manure to wheat straw increases composting velocity by one fold over pure sheep manure,reaching thorough decomposing after 28 days of composting.