辽宁长海县城市与渔村中小学生远视力比较

Comparison of Distance Vision Between Urban-lifestyle Schools and Fishing Village Schools in an Islands County

目的描述与比较北温带某海岛县城市化学校与渔村学校学生的远视力状况,探讨环境因素与近视的关联。方法剔除外来流动人口、病理性近视眼,整群选取城市化学校与渔村学校学生各3589,7072眼,又按照年级、性别分组,测定远视力。描述指标为近视率、平均视力、平均视角的环比和定基比。结果 "初三"年级城市化学校女生、城市化学校男生、渔村学校女生、渔村学校男生的视力不良检出率依次为74.02%,64.48%,50.73%,36.25%。平均视力依次降至4.619,4.731,4.838,4.944;平均视角依次扩大至2.404,1.858,1.452,1.138;以一年级为基数,平均视角扩大的定基比依次为232.29%,186.64%,165.58%,129.71%。(2)城市化学校与渔村学校相比,年级、性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均=0.000)。结论在受教育年龄提前,学业负担加重等城市化因素的影响下,海岛县城市化学校的远视力状况与渔村学校明显分化,与大都市接近。

Objective To compare the distance vision （DV） of students between the urban-lifestyle schools （ULS） and the fishing village schools （FVS） in 5 islands in Dalian in order to probe the relation between the lifestyle and myopia. Methods LogMAR vision data were collected fi＇om urban-lifestyle schools （3 589 eyes） and fishing village schools （7 072 eyes） , without the shifting population and students with high msopia. The rate of myopia （ RM ） , the arithmetic mean of vision （AMV） , the mean visual, angle （MVA） , the relative ratio with fixed base （IRRFB） and the link relative ratio （ LRR） were calculated and made the statistical test hy AMV respectively. Results For 15 years old students of 4 groups （ females in ULS, males in ULS, females in FVS, males in FVS） , the AMV were 4. 619, 4.731, 4. 838 and 4. 944 ; the MVA were 2. 404 , 1. 858, I. 452 and 1. 138 ; the RRFB of MVA were 232.29% , 186.64% , 165.58% and t29.71% ; and the RM （LogMAR 〉0.0） were 74.02% , 64.48% , 50.73% and 36.25% respeetively. Comparing the ULS with the FVS b~ the AMV,there were statistical significant differences in all of the 18 groups divided by grades and sexes （ P = 0. 000）. Conclusion Due to earlier schooling, heavy learning burden, higher socioeconomic status and so on, the AMV of students who lead an urhan lifestyle is worse than that of who lead a rural lifestyle.