土壤水分胁迫对冬小麦生长发育、物质分配及产量构成的影响

Effects of Soil Water Stress on Growth Development,Dry-matter Partition and Yield Constitution of Winter Wheat

利用2008～2009年度田间小区冬小麦灌溉试验资料,研究了不同水分胁迫程度、不同水分胁迫时期对冬小麦生理生态及产量的影响。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加剧,冬小麦株高、叶绿素、干物质积累以及籽粒产量受到的抑制作用逐渐增强。拔节中期是冬小麦需水较为敏感时期,此时水分胁迫对冬小麦各项生理、生化指标及产量具有重要影响;而灌浆中后期水分胁迫对冬小麦千粒重影响较为严重。因此,冬小麦拔节期允许轻度的水分胁迫,而灌浆期则应尽量避免任何程度的水分胁迫。且适当减少小麦灌溉次数和灌水量对产量影响并不大,并能提高水分利用效率。

Through using experimental data of grain filling of winter wheat planted in field plot in 2008 -2009, The effects of different degree and period of water stress on physiology and ecology of winter wheat and grain yield were studied. The results indicated that the inhibitory effect enhanced on stem growth, chlorophyll, cumulating of dry-matter and yield of winter wheat with the increasing of water stress. The mid-winter wheat jointing stage was sensitive period of water demand. And water stress on winter wheat at this time has an important influence on the physiological, biochemical parameters and yield. And the water stress on middle late grouting stage has serious effect on winter wheat 1000-grain weight. Therefore, the mild water stress can be allowed in the jointing stage of winter wheat, and grain-filling stage should try to avoid any degree of water stress. And appropriate to reduce the irrigation frequency and amount has little affects on yield, and can increase water use efficiency.