青海云杉群落优势种群空间格局多样性研究

Diversity Research of Spatial Patter about Picea crassifolia Community Dominant Population

在青海云杉群落中用GPS定位设置样地16个、样方256个,研究甘肃祁连山林区青海云杉林优势种的空间分布格局。结果表明:青海云杉群落优势种的空间分布格局为集群分布;不同类型以及同一类型在不同的海拔高度的格局类型不尽相同,草类—青海云杉林逼近泊松分布,苔藓—青海云杉林有逼近泊松分布的趋势,混交林和其他类型为集群分布;不同类型优势种群的集群强度依次为:青海云杉混交林>灌木—青海云杉林>马先蒿—青海云杉林>苔藓—青海云杉林>草类—青海云杉林。苔藓—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 777～2 800 m为显著均匀分布,2 830～3 050 m为显著集群分布;草类—青海云杉林中优势种群在2 660～2 680 m为均匀分布,3 050～3 110 m为显著集群分布;混交林中青海云杉种群随海拔升高,集群强度增大,始终为显著集群分布;灌木—青海云杉林在低海拔(2 730 m)为均匀分布,在高海拔(2 880 m)为集群分布。青海云杉群落的进展演替过程依次为:青海云杉混交林、灌木—青海云杉林、草类—青海云杉林、马先蒿—青海云杉林、苔藓—青海云杉林。

Based on 16 plots and 256 samples which were set up using GPS position fixing in different types of Picea crassifolia community,the spatial pattern of dominant species was studied in Qilian mountains forest area in Gansu province.The results showed that the spatial pattern of dominant species was in cluster distribution;different types and the same types in different altitude of the community had different pattern types;grasses and Picea crassifolia forest approached Poisson distribution,moss and Picea crassifolia forest had a trend to Poisson distribution and it was in cluster distribution in mixed forest and other types;cluster distribution indensity in mixed and different types were：Picea crassifolia mixed forest 〉shrubs and Picea crassifolia forest lousewort and Picea crassifolia forest〉 moss and Picea crassifolia forest 〉grasses and Picea crassifolia forest.Moss and Picea crassifolia forest〉 dominant population showed a notable uniform distribution in 2 777～2 800 m and a notable cluster distribution in 2 830～3 050 m;grasses and Picea crassifolia forest dominant population showed an uniform distribution in 2 660～2 680 m and a notable cluster distribution in 3 050～3 110 m;the higher the altitude,the cluster intensity of Picea crassifolia population in mixed forest grower,and always showed a notable cluster distribution;bush and Picea crassifolia forest showed an uniform distribution in low altitude（2 730 m）and a cluster distribution in high altitude（2 880 m）.Thus Picea crassifolia community progress followed by the succession process was：mixed forest of Picea crassifolia,shrubs and Picea crassifolia forest,grasses and Picea crassifolia forest,lousewort and Picea crassifolia forest,moss and Picea crassifolia forest.