权利和义务之合法性——诺齐克正义理论之评析

Legitimacy of Rights and Obligations:On Nozik's Theory of Justice

社会公平原则下有关的基本权利和义务问题既是社会学、政治学和法哲学的基本命题,同时也关涉到社会学、政治学和法哲学的基本方法问题。运用这种基本方法能够有效地分析个人进入政治社会后,作为政治社会组织的成员所应享有法律上的基本权利和义务,以及在政治社会的自然人、公民和国家之间特殊的关系。基于此,诺齐克作为权利的正义理论无疑是对罗尔斯作为公平的正义以及哈特的公平理论的反思和完善,从而使我们深刻地理解西方社会正义理论下的公平规则。

The issue of rights and obligations under the principle of social fairness is not only a basic subject but also a fundamental approach in sociology,politics and legal philosophy.Applied the approach,this paper makes an analysis of the basic legal rights and obligations that a person enjoys after he enters the political society,as well as the special relationships among natural person,citizen,and state in the political society.In view of this,Nozik＇s entitlement theory of justice is definitely a reconsideration and improvement of Rawls＇ theory of justice as fairness and Hart＇s theory of equality,making our comprehension of the fairness principles under the western theory of social justice more profound.