也谈存现句中“着”和“了”的差异

The Differences of zhe and le in the Existential Construction Re-examined

"着"和"了"在存现句中表达不同的体意义。"着"字存现句表示持续视点体的意义,而"了"字存现句表征中性视点体或结果完成态的意义。"着"字存现句是非完结性的,而"了"字存现句是完结性的。"着"字存现句主要接受活动和达成动词,偶尔也容纳状态动词,但不接纳成就动词;而"了"字存现句可压制并接受各类动词,凸显事物在某处隐现的终止阶段和结果状态。"着"字存现句的语篇功能主要是描写,而"了"字存现句的功能是叙述,特别是叙述顶峰事件。

Zhe and le express different aspectual meanings in the existential construction.The zhe-marked existential construction represents the viewpoint aspect of imperfectivity,while the le-marked existential construction expresses the neutral aspect or the perfect of result.The zhe form is atelic,whereas the le form is telic.The zhe construction mainly accommodates activity and accomplishment verbs and occasionally accepts state verbs,but does not accommodate achievement verbs.The le construction can coerce and accommodate all kinds of verbs,and thus profiles the final stage and the resultant state of an entity in a certain location.The discursive function of the zhe existential construction is description,while the le existential construction performs the function of narration,especially marking the peak event.