德国鸢尾组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Iris germanica L.

以白花、短梦、法国回声、金娃娃、金皇后、紫花共6个德国鸢尾(Iris germanica L.)品种的花器官为外植体,进行不定芽的诱导和快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明:外植体采用0.1%HgCl2消毒10min效果最好,污染率为26.67%,死亡率为6.70%;不同外植体部位愈伤组织诱导与分化能力不同,花茎的不定芽诱导率最高,达59.00%;花茎外植体诱导愈伤组织和分化成苗的能力与花苞大小及植物生长调节剂等因素有关,适宜的花苞长度为4～8cm,最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+IBA0.5mg·L-1;将不定芽丛切割至4～6株的株丛转接到MS+6-BA2.0mg·L-1+IBA0.5mg·L-1继代培养基中增殖较好,增殖系数达5.5,玻璃化程度较低,为16.4%;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.5mg·L-1,生根率达92.67%;移栽基质采用珍珠岩最好,成活率达88.20%。

The floral organs of Iris germanica L.‘White flower’,‘Little dream’,‘Echo de France’,‘Brassie’,‘Golden queen’ and ‘Purple flower’ were used as explants to develop a protocol for shoot induction and rapid propagation.The results showed that explants disinfected with 0.1% HgCl2 for 10 min were most effective with the average contamination rate of 26.67% and death rate of 6.70%.Different parts of explants had different abilities for callus induction and shoot formation.The pedicel had the highest shoot formation rate of 59.00%.The abilities of callus induction and shoot formation were affected by the length of flower bud and hormones.The optimal length of flower bud was 4～8 cm.The optimal medium was MS medium supplemented with 1.0mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5mg·L-1 IBA.The clump of 4～6 shoots subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 2.0mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5mg.L-1 IBA obtained higher proliferation rate and lower vitrification rate of 5.5 and 16.4%,respectively.The most suitable rooting medium was 1/2 MS medium containing 0.5mg·L^-1NAA,in which rooting rate reached 92.67%.Perlite was the best transplanting medium,in which the surviving rate was 88.20%.