对伯恩施坦“社会主义的最终目的”理论的再认识

Reconsideration of Bernstein's Theory on the Ultimate Goal of Socialism

长期以来,学术界将伯恩施坦"运动就是一切,最终目的是微不足道的"的思想视为社会主义运动是没有任何确定目的的典型,实际上伯恩施坦并不是认为社会主义运动没有确定目的,他对于"最终目的"的理解是"未来社会的具体模式或设想",但在他看来这是不可想象的。因而他认为应该关注于日常合法斗争,而不是"最终目的"。伯恩施坦认为关于最终目的与运动是分离的,而马克思整个理论的魅力恰恰是发现了资本主义发展的内在逻辑中蕴涵着新社会的因素。伯恩施坦的失误归根到底还在于他对辩证法的蔑视。

That Bernstein says ＂movement is everything,while the ultimate goal is insignificant＂ has long been regarded as the model for socialist movement as its non-determined goal by the academic circles.However,Bernstein does not really think socialist movement has not any determined goal.He interprets the ultimate goal as the specific model or supposition for the future society which he does not think will come true.That is why he is concerned about the day-to-day legitimate struggle instead of ＂the ultimate goal＂.So Bernstein has separated the ultimate goal from the socialist movement and his defects result from his contempt for dialectics.