渔业环境三氯杀螨醇的污染与危害

Pollution and hazard of dicofol in fishery environment

中国是世界上最大的水产品生产国和重要的输出国,国家政策的支持以及生产技术的提高有力拓展了水产行业的发展前景。然而,随着对外贸易的扩展和人们对食品安全的重视,许多国家对水产品中药物残留规定了严格的限量,同时也更加关注渔业环境质量的改善和提高。对于相关的基础研究,几十年来一直是国内外研究的热点。作为滴滴涕替代产品的三氯杀螨醇,自问世以来就受到了许多学者极大的关注。三氯杀螨醇对啮齿动物的毒性较低,杀螨效果好,促进了农作物的丰收。然而,其对水生生物的毒性很强,环境残留和多种危害日渐显现。文章评述了三氯杀螨醇的水环境行为、生物效应及其对水产品安全的影响,并指出今后应加强研究的方向和重点。

China is the largest country of fishery production and an important fishery exporter in the world. The support of national pol- icy and improvement of production technology greatly facilitated the development of fishery industry. However, due to the expansion of foreign trade and people＇s increasing concern to food safety, many countries have established strict regulations for limiting drug residue in aquatic products to improve the quality of fishery environment. Relevant basic researches in this field have been being the focus both home and abroad for several decades. As the substitute of DDT, dicofol has been paid great attention to by scholars since it came out. Its high effectiveness to acarid but lower toxity to rodent contributed to good crop harvests. Nevertheless, dicofol is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and the hazards of its residue in environment are being more obvious gradually. The paper reviews the studies of dicofol pollution, such as environmental behavior in water, biological impact and safety of fishery products, and finally the research tendency and focus in the future are summarized.