北宋东京的社会变迁与士人交游——以宋徽宗时代为参照的考察

The Change of Kaifeng and Scholars' Making Friends in the Northern Song Dynasty——Taking the Period of Emperor Song Huizong as an Example

都市社会的存在和发展,是有形的空间、无形的制度与活动的市民伴生互动的过程。对于身在东京的士人而言,其活动的内容与方式难免要受到城市环境的诸多外在因素的影响。宋徽宗时代的东京开封,是历史上开封最为辉煌的一段历程,在开封城市发展史上有着举足轻重的地位。城市经济的空前繁荣,使得市民活动的时间和空间都有了更多的自由和选择。东京士人在夜晚的活动不再受限制,也能够更加自由地出入酒肆等商业娱乐消费场所。然而,与宋徽宗时代东京的市井繁荣形成强烈反差的是,当时的士人交游圈没有了此前的热闹活跃,呈现出一派沉寂冷清的景象。之所以出现这一矛盾现象,既有徽宗时期人才匮乏的原因,也与当时的政治高压有关。

The existence and development of the city is the interactive process among visible space,invisible system and movable citizens.As far as the scholars in Kaifeng are concerned,their activities and means are inevitably influenced by various external factors of urban environment.Kaifeng in the period of Emperor Song Huizong is the most prosperous in its history,which plays an important role in its development.The unprecedented prosperity of the city economy makes the citizens have more choices and freedom both in time and space.As a result,the scholars＇ evening activities are no longer restricted and they can hang out in the entertainment places such as bar far freer.Ironically,the scholars＇ making friends lose its flourish and become dreariness.This paradoxical phenomenon can be attributed to the shortage of talents on the one hand and high political pressures on the other.