麻疹疫苗效力与接种率及其影响因素的调查研究

THE EFFECTS OF MEASLES VACCINE THE RATE OF VACCINATION AND RELATED FACTORS

目的了解学龄儿童麻疹疫苗效力和接种率及其影响因素，为采取措施控制学龄儿童麻疹暴发提供依据。方法采用病例对照方法在确诊的暴发病例中，选6～15岁、接种史明确的学生为病例组，共170例，与其性别相同、年龄相近、同班或邻居、接种史明确而又未患过麻疹的学生为对照，共345名。结果学龄儿童中1剂次麻疹疫苗效力估计为75％，2剂次麻疹疫苗效力估计为83％，≥1剂次麻疹疫苗效力估计值为77％。l剂次麻疹疫苗估计接种率为77．64％，2剂次麻疹疫苗接种率为41％，≥1剂次麻疹疫苗估计接种率为85％。多因素分析显示儿童年龄、母亲职业、文化程度、居住地等是影响学龄儿童麻疹疫苗接种率的主要因素。结论学龄儿童中较低的麻疹疫苗效力和2剂次麻疹疫苗接种率是麻疹暴发的主要原因。提高2剂次麻疹疫苗接种率是预防麻疹暴发的关键。加强健康教育，提高儿童及其父母对该病的重视程度是提高麻疹疫苗接种率的关键。

Objective To investigate the the effects of measle vaccone, the rate of vaccination and related factors. Methods 170 innoculated students of 6 to 15 years old confirmed with measles was chosen to contrast with 345 innoculated students of sinilar age and same sex in the same class or in the same neighborhood. Results The preventive rates were 75 %, 83 % and 77 % respectively when the students innoculated for the first time, the sec- ond time and more than once. The rates of vaccination were 77.64 %, 41% and 85 % respectively for the first time, the second time and more than once. The multi - factor analyses showed that children＇s age, their moth- ers＇ vocations, literacy and the place the live in were the main factors that had effects on the rate of vaccination. Conclusion The epidemic attacks of measles are mainly caused by the low preventive effect and low rate of inno- clation. The key is to improve the rate of innoculation for the second time by oromote health education and raising children and parents＇ awareness of innoculation.