北京市海淀区某幼儿园儿童的膳食模式分析

A Kindergarten kid's Dietary Pattern Analysis in Haidian District of Beijing

目的:了解北京市某1级1类幼儿园儿童的膳食模式和营养状况。方法:对幼儿园379名2～7岁儿童采用称重法连续调查5d膳食,同时进行体格检查和血红蛋白的测定。结果:北京市某1级1类幼儿园膳食模式DDP得分为83.6,油脂、蔬菜水果得分高,坚果及油籽、动物性食物、豆类及豆制品得分较低,谷类及薯类得分略低。钙、铁、锌等微量营养素摄入不够,分别占参考摄入量的57.5%、69.9%、44.0%。儿童体格发育较好,营养过剩表现突出,超重率为19.52%,肥胖率为7.92%;贫血率为2.21%。结论:应调整幼儿园儿童的膳食结构,食物种类应多样化,增加坚果类食物及优质蛋白的摄入量,同时选择富含钙、铁等微量元素的食物,必要时采取营养强化。应增加幼儿的运动量,加大家园配合力度,建立儿童良好饮食习惯,平衡膳食,合理营养。

[Objective] To investigate the dietary pattern and nutrition status of kids in kindergarten of Beijing. [Methods] Three hundred and seventy-nine kids, aged 2-7 years, of a Class 1 kindergarten in Beijing city were included in the research. Five days dietary survey by using weighing methods, anthropometry and hemoglobin determination were used. [Results] The DDP dietary pattern score of kindergarten was 83.6, but fats＆oils, fruits＆vegetables with higher scores, nuts＆oilseeds, animal food, legumes＆ Its products with lower scores, cereals roots＆tubers with a slightly lower score. Compared with the average reference intake of children, deficient calcium, iron, zinc intakes were popular, respectively in 57.5%, 69.9%, 44.0%. Overweight and obesity rate were simultaneous, accounted for 19.52% and 7.92%. Incident rate of animia was 2.21%. [Conclusion] It was suggested to adjust dietary pattern rationally, to increase food diversity, to add the intake of nuts and high quality protein, to choose the food rich in calcium, iron and other micronutrients. And the fortified food was a good option when necessary. Increase the children＇ s physical activity and balance kindergartrn-home dietary in order to set up kid＇ s good eating habits and reach nutritive equilibrium