学习困难:概念演变、认知表现及其影响因素

Learning Difficulties:Conception Changing,Cognitive Performance and Its Influence Factors

自美国学者柯克首先提出学习困难的定义以来,有关学习困难的研究一直受到学者们的广泛关注。接着,各种权威机构和学者纷纷为学习困难下定义,但至今仍没有一个统一的答案。当前研究者分别从工作记忆、元认知和归因特点等方面探讨了学习困难的认知表现,并发现导致中学生学习困难的因素是多方面的,包括遗传因素、大脑发育状况,以及家庭环境等。

Since the American scholar Kirk put forward the definition of learning difficulties, a number of theoretical and conceptual perspectives focused on learning difficulties research. Although there are many differing definitions of learning difficulties, no single definition has been agreed by all. The current re- searches penetrate into the fields on cognitive performance of students＇ learning difficulties such as working memory, meta-cognition, and attribution characteristic. Researchers have also found that the influence fac- tors on students＇ learning difficulties are various, including the heredity factor, the hypogenesis of brain, the environment of family, and so on.