饮水中非挥发性有机污染物致突变性的防治对策

On the control of mutagenicity of nonvolatile organic pollutants in drinking water

针对饮水致突变物的主要成因研究了减少饮水致突变活性的措施。结果表明：进厂源水生物膜预处理，可使致突变前体物，如藻、腐殖酸、总有机碳等含量分别减少６８．２％、２３．９％、３７．２％，使水厂加氯量减少５０％，最终使所制饮水的致突变件减少３ｏ％。改革加氯消毒方法可使饮水致突变活性降低，不同消毒剂所致致突变活性顺序为Ｃｌ_２＞ＣｌＯ_２＞Ｃｌ_２＋ＣｌＯ_２＞源水，Ｃｌ_２＋ＣｌＯ_２等量联合消毒优于单一加氯消毒法，既可提高所试甲型肝炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒及大肠杆菌ｆ２噬菌体的灭活效果一至数倍；又可使饮水中ＣＨＣｌ_３，减少９１．５％－９６．５％，致突变活性减少２７．６％。

Aiming at the main reasons of producing.mutagenicity in drinking water,the measures for decreasing muta-genicity of drinking water were explored and compared.The results showed that using biofilm pretreatment of raw waterin water works,the average reduction of algae, aquatic humic acid and TOC in the raw water could reach 68.2%, 23.9%and 37.2% respectively.The chlorine consumption of water was decreased by 500% and the mutagenicity of drinkingwater was decreased by 30%. Altering disinfectants leads to the reduction of the mutagenicity of drinking water. Thewater treated by different disinfectants showed a consistent pattem of mutagenic potency, with decreasing activity in theorder Cl2>ClO2>Cl2+ClO2>raw water. The effects of inactivation of HAV,polio V and E.coli bacteriophage f2 treatedby disinfectants indicated that the combination of Cl2 and ClO2 was one to several times higher than Cl2 alone. At thesame time, the amount of CHCl3, in the waster treated with Cl2+ClO2 was decreased by 91.5%-96.5% than that with Cl2and its mutagenicity reduced by 27.6%.