民国时期救灾组织用人机制与荒政社会化——对1931年国民政府救济水灾委员会的调查

The Socialization of Anti -calamity from the View of Relieving Organization＇s Employing System in the Republic of China --A Case of Central Government Relieving Committee

民国时期政府救灾机构出现了组织社会化的新动向,为救济1931年江淮大水而成立的国民政府救济水灾委员会及其灾区派出机构(以下统称"国水委")堪为其例。"国水委"在赈务人才的选聘标准、录用及考核程序等方面,形成了或倚重社会资本或倾向文化资本的上下有别的用人特点。在对赈务职员聘任的流程中,"国水委"设计出担保与督察双管齐下的风险防控机制。这种趋向于社会化和公开化的用人机制,使"国水委"选拔出了从基层到中、高层的赈灾人才梯队,从而较好地保证了救灾队伍的自律和赈务事业的效率。从这一意义上来看,"国水委"不啻为中国荒政史上一个值得深入研究的官方组织。

The relief organization of the Republic of China had undergone a great change from traditional mode to socialization of relief policy. The central government relieving committee（ Abbr. CGRC）was set up for the Jianghuai River Basin flood in 1931. It had made many innovations on the organizing mechanism. First, CGRC fomled its characteristic with strict standard for the special job. Second CGR, C created a system of risk prevention mechanism by guarantee and supervision from super - ordinate and the mass. This employing mechanism helped CGRC establish a work team in which each member cooperates,interacts and self - disciplines.