户籍与当代中国社会差别——基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS2006)数据的定量研究

Household Registration and Social Inequality——A Quantitative Analysis Based on the Data of China General Social Survey 2006

基于2006年中国综合社会调查(CGSS2006)原始数据的定量分析表明,个人的经济地位、政治地位和社会地位之间的差别,仍然与户口性质密切相关。就经济地位而言,非农业户口者比农业户口者更可能获得较高的月收入;就政治地位而言,非农业户口者比农业户口者更可能获得中国共产党党员身份;就社会地位而言,非农业户口者比农业户口者更可能获得进入大学接受高等教育的机会。从公共行政学的研究视阈出发,户口之所以成为资源配置和利益分配严重不公的祸端,一个可能的原因在于户籍政策是中国政府长期以来奉行的以"效率至上"为特征的行政理念在国家—社会关系中的集中体现。因此,实现户籍政策的改革和创新的首要前提就是实现政府行政理念的彻底转变,将社会公平作为政府施政的首要价值诉求。

A quantitative analysis based on the data of China General Social Survey 2006 indicates that personal economic status inequality,political status inequality and social status inequality are still having a strong relationship with household identity. With economic status inequality,non-agricultural account groups may get more monthly income than agricultural account groups;with political status inequality,the non-agricultural may have more chances to be members of Chinese Communist Party;and with social status inequality,the non-agricultural may get more opportunities to enter collages and universities to receive higher education. From a public administration perspective,a possible reason why household identity could be a source of seriously inequality in resource and interest allocation is that household registration policy is an intensive reflection of Chinese government’s administrative notion in the relationship between state and society which is characterized by ＂effectiveness-oriented＂. To achieve successful reform of household registration policy, the premise is to completely transform the administrative notion of Chinese government, taking social equality as the primary objective in the process of public administration practices.