47种植物提取物对3种柑桔常见贮藏病害病原菌活性抑制作用研究

Antifungal Activities of 47 Plant Extracts Against Three Citrus Post-harvest Storage Pathogens

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了白附子等47种植物提取物对柑桔青霉菌Penicillium italicum、柑桔绿霉菌P.digitatum和柑桔酸腐病菌Oospora citri-aurantii等3种柑桔常见贮藏期病原真菌的离体抑菌活性。结果表明,以10mg/mL处理3天时,对柑桔青霉菌抑制作用较强的是川芎(又名川芎藁木)Ligusticumchuanxiong、侧柏Platycladus orientalis、苍耳Xanthium sibiricum和五加皮(又名五加)Acanthopanax gracilistylus的提取物,抑菌率均在97%以上;对柑桔绿霉菌抑制作用较强的是五加皮和侧柏的提取物,抑菌率分别为99.66%和98.33%;对柑桔酸腐病菌抑制作用较强的是独活(又名毛当归)Angelica pubescens、羌活Notopterygiumincisum和川芎的提取物,抑菌率分别为95.24%、94.38%和77.41%。其中,独活、川芎和五加皮的提取物对柑桔青霉病菌、柑桔绿霉病菌和柑桔酸腐病菌的抑菌活性显著高于其他植物的提取物,作用明显,且提取物气味芬芳。植物提取物抑菌活性的发现为植物源保鲜剂的研发奠定了基础。

Ethanol extracts from forty-seven plant species were screened for their bioactivity against Penicillium italicum , P. digitatum and Oospora citriaurantii using mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that the extracts with stronger inhibition against Penicillium italicurn were from Ligusticum chuanxiong , Platycladus orientalis , Xanthium sibiricum and Acanthopana：r gracilistylus, as judged from their more than 97% of inhibition rates 3 days after being applied at 10 mg/mL. The inhibition rates against Penicillium digitaturn by the extracts from Acanthopanax gracilistylus and Platycladus orientalis were 99.66%,98. 33%, respectively. The inhibition rates against Oospora citriaurantii by the extracts from Angelica pubescens , Notopterygium incisum and Ligusticum chuanxiong were 95.24 %, 94. 38 %, 77. 41%, respectively. In conclusion, the bioactivities of the extracts from Angelica pubescens , Ligusticum chuanxiong and Acanthopanax gracilistylus against Penicillium italicum, P. digitatum and Oospora citriaurantii were superior to those from other plants and should be explored for their possible use in the development of bio-preservatives.