我国的灌溉管理体制变革及其评价

China's Irrigation Management Reform and An Evaluation of It

改革开放以来,我国灌溉管理体制变革围绕着"水利工程"和"农田灌溉"这两大不确定性领域,大致经历了酝酿、起步、探索和发展四大阶段,呈现出"协商式"的变革特征。就变革过程来看,可归纳为高层政府主导、国际机构驱动、灌溉管理机构持双重态度、基层政府被动参与、村委会居协会权力核心,以及农民成为终端用水户6个方面的特点。这场"协商式"的变革过程催生了"农民用水户协会"这一新型灌溉管理主体,进而在多个层面带来了不同程度的社会经济效益。

Since its reform and opening to the outside world,China＇s reform of the irrigation management system has been focused on water projects and farmland irrigation.It has undergone four stages： the preliminary,the initiation,the exploration and the development stages,showing a consultative style.Throughout the reform process,it can be summarized as six features： the top government-led,international organizations-driven,a dual attitude to irrigation management institutions,county/township government＇s passive participation,village committee as the core of WUA,and farmers as terminal water users.This consultative reform gives rise to a new agency for irrigation management,Farmers＇ Water Use Association,and further brings forth a number of socio-economic benefits in different aspects.