人类活动对我国西北地区沙质荒漠化影响与对策研究

Impact of Human Activities on Sandy Desertification of Northwestern China and Countermeasures Analysis

荒漠化是人类面临的诸多生态和环境问题中,影响最为广泛和深远的灾难。它不但是个环境问题,还是重要的经济和社会问题。我国是世界上荒漠化危害最严重的国家之一。根据已有的诸多研究结论,人为因素是我国荒漠化发生、发展的重要原因。通过一系列数据和实例,着重从人类活动对水资源的不当使用改变了西北地区水资源系统,破坏了脆弱的生态平衡;人类活动中的滥垦、滥牧、滥采和滥伐等行为,破坏西北地区的地表植被;人类盲目和过度使用土地和工农业建设,导致该地区土壤结构发生变化以及人们生产、生活中不断向大气排放温室气体,致使气候变暖等4个方面分析了人类活动对我国西北地区沙质荒漠化的主要影响。在此基础上,提出改善和防治我国西北地区荒漠化的宏观措施。

Desertification is one of the most serious disasters with extensive and far-reaching impacts among the so many ecological and environmental problems.It is not only related to environmental problems,but also to political and economic issues.China is one of the most seriously desertified countries in the world and desertification has posed a threat to survival and development of the nation.According to previous studies,human activities are important reasons of desertification in China.In our study,based on data and examples,four main factors about impacts of human activities on desertification were analyzed：（1） change of water system of northwestern China by improper use of water,and the damage to the fragile ecological balance;（2） destroy of vegetation in northwestern China by improper reclamation,grazing,mining and logging;（3） change of soil structure by overuse of land and excessive developing of industry and agriculture;（4） warming caused by continuous emission of greenhouse gases in human production and living.Based on these analysis,macroeconomic countermeasures were put forward for improvement and prevention of desertification in northwestern China.