可持续机械化旱作农业研究

Research on Sustainable Mechanized Dryland Farming

我国北方约有３３００万ｈｍ２的干旱少雨、没有灌溉条件的旱作农地，存在着旱灾频繁、粮食产量低而不稳；水土流失严重、难以持续发展的两大问题。为了探讨适合北方旱地的机械化耕作理论、技术和机具，在深入分析国内外研究成果的基础上，１９９１年开始在山西、河北建立了大规模的试验示范区，对翻耕、深松、免耕三种耕作方式，对碎秆、倒秆、立秆三种覆盖方式，开展了农机农艺结合的系统试验与配套机具的攻关研究。１９９６年又增加了耙、浅松、浅旋等表土作业，形成了更加完善的作业体系。７年系统试验结果，显示出以秸秆覆盖、少免耕加表土作业组成的保护性耕作体系，适合我国北方旱作农业条件，可以取代翻耕为主的传统耕作体系。

There are about 33 M.ha rainfed dryland in North China, in which two major problems, poor yield with frequently drought and heavy water and soil erosion have made local agriculture unsustainable. To explore appropriate mechanized tillage theory, techniques and implements, large experimental plots were set out by our research team in Shanxi and Hebei Provinces at 1991. The system trial with the relative implement development were carried out on three tillage treatments: moldboard plowing, subsoiling, no tillage, and three stalk mulching methods: chopped stalk mulching, pressed whole stalk mulching, stand stalk mulching. The surface tillage such as disk harrowing, surface loosing, rotary hoeing, was added to form a more effective system since 1996.7 year continuous system trials show that the techniques and implements of conservation tillage system which consists of residue mulching, less tillage and surface operation are suitable to North China condition, and can be used to replace the existing moldboard plough systems, thus promoting the development of sustainable dryland farming.