环境侵权的微观与宏观——以《侵权责任法》为样本

Micro & Macro Analysis of Environmental Torts——Taking Tort Liability Act for Sample

《侵权责任法》关于环境污染责任的规定体现了环境时代法律的"绿化"需求,但并非完美,除了未将生态破坏行为纳入到环境侵权外,还存在着未区分环境侵权精神损害赔偿应适用何种归责原则、不承担责任和减轻责任的情形规定过于粗放以及数人环境侵权责任划分不明确等问题。因应环境议题的特殊性,制定专门的《环境侵害救济法》,全面规定环境侵害的民事救济、社会化救济、行政救济以及纠纷解决机制尤为亟需。

Environmental pollution liability provisions in Tort Liability Act reflect the ＂green＂ demand of legislations in environmental era, but it is not perfect. In addition to the omission of not taking ecological destruction as environmental torts, this act fails to distinguish the liability principle of compensation for moral damage and specify the situations of exclusion or easement of liability, and it also fails to clearly di- vide the liabilities between different offenders. So, in response to the special nature of environmental issues, it is essential to enact Environmental Infringement Remedy Act, which includes civil remedies, so- cial-oriented relief, administrative remedies as well as dispute settlement mechanisms against environmental damages.