引起二月兰花叶病的芜菁花叶病毒研究

Orychophragmus violaceus mosaic caused by turnip mosaic virus.

在表现花叶、植株矮化、茎叶坏死和畸形的十字花科观赏植物二月兰（Ｏｒｙｃｈｏｐｈｒａｇｍｕｓｖｉｏ－ｌａｃｅｕｓ）上分离到一种线状病毒，其病毒粒子分布范围为７８０～８００ｎｍ．通过寄主反应测定、病毒提纯和形态观察、血清学反应测定，确定该病毒为芜菁花叶病毒（ＴｕＭＶ）．病毒分离物ＡＨ１回接二月兰无病毒苗，引起黄斑、系统花叶、系统坏死和畸形，在供试十字花科植物上均产生系统侵染，并在洋酸桨等茄科供试寄主上引起系统症状．ＡＨ１与来自十字花科甘蓝型油菜上的一个ＴｕＭＶ有紧密的血清学关系，但在寄主反应上与之有一定差异．对自然发病的二月兰植株和接种ＡＨ１分离物的系统寄主用ＴｕＭＶ抗血清进行免疫电镜观察，均检测到线状病毒粒子，用ＣＭＶ抗血清、ＴＭＶ抗血清进行检测，均没有发现相关病毒．作者认为：ＴｕＭＶ即是引起二月兰花叶病的病原．这是ＴｕＭＶ侵染该属植物的首次报道．

A potyvirus was detected from diseased plants of Qrychophragmus violaceus symptomatized as mosaic, stunt, stem and foliage necrosis and distortion in Hangzhou, Zhejiang during winter to late spring from 1993 to 1997. One typical isolate (AH1) was identified as turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) according its biological, morphological and serological characteristics. Yellowing spots, systemic mosaic and necrosis, and also severe distortion were induced by back inoculation of this virus onto O. Violaceus . When compared with a TuMV isolate (H1) originally isolated from oil seed rape ( Brassica napus ), AH1 was serologically close related, but was different from the this isolate by host reactions. Using immuno sorbent electron microscope (ISEM) method with TuMV antisera, filamentous particles were easily detected from natural infected plants of O. violaceus or inoculated host plants, but not with antisera of either cucumber mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. TuMV was considered as the principal pathogenic virus of this new disease.